The Future Snow Potential and Snowmelt Runoff of Mesopotamian Water Tower

Mountainous basins are frequently called “natural water towers” because they supply essential to downstream regions for irrigation, industrial–municipal use, and hydropower generation. The possible implications of climate change on supplies have gained prominence in recent years, particularly snow-dominated mountainous basins. Euphrates River, a snow-fed transboundary river that originates from the Eastern part Türkiye with several large dam reservoirs downstream, was chosen within this scope. study reveals impact two headwaters, namely Karasu Murat, which basin area 41,109 km2. is assessed across runoff regimes snow dynamics future periods (2024–2099). Global Climate Model (GCM) data sets (CNRM-CM5, IPSL-CM5A, EC-EARTH, MPI-ESM-LR, NorESM1-M, HadGEM2-ES) were downscaled by Regional Circulation Models (RCMs), provided CMIP5 EURO-CORDEX domain projections under RCP4.5 RCP8.5 scenarios. Future variables predicted conceptual hydrological models, HBV HEC-HMS. results indicate dramatic shrink cover extents (>65%) duration (25%), decrease equivalent (>50%), timely shift (up month) peak through early spring hydrograph last period (2075–2099). overall assessment shows operations systems should be reconsidered changes.